
Introduction
Wireless networking is a technology that is being increasingly implemented throughout the world. It allows the exchange of information without physically connecting wires between devices. This document is intended to provide a basic understanding of what wireless networking is and how it is implemented.
Defining wireless networking and wireless standards
Wireless networking is nothing more than sharing information between two or more devices by the use of radio waves. It is similar to a conventional wired LAN (which follows the IEEE 802.3 standard) except that wireless networking uses radio waves to replace the cabling.
Wireless networking hardware requires the use of an underlying technology to standardize radio frequencies as well as data transmission. The most widely used standard is 802.11 produced by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). As the technology has improved, revisions to the standard have been released. The two most common revisions that exist today are the IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g standards and use a radio frequency of 2.4 gigahertz (GHz). When purchasing wireless hardware, it is important to purchase hardware that is compatible with these standards.

The IEEE 802.11b standard defines 11 Mbps and 5.5 Mbps networking transfer rates with support for the original standard 1 Mbps and 2 Mbps speeds. Whenever possible, information will be transferred at 11 Mbps but will drop to 5.5 Mbps, 2 Mbps, or 1 Mbps if signal strength or interference is disrupting data transmission.
The IEEE 802.11g standard increases the maximum data transfer rate to 54 Mbps. To attain this speed, the wireless components must be closer together.
Devices compatible with the IEEE 802.11g standard will communicate with devices that meet the IEEE 802.11b standard at the lower IEEE 802.11b speeds, however, they may not switch automatically between IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11b. Consult the documentation with the IEEE 802.11g device to determine if it is capable of switching automatically or must be manually set to IEEE 802.11b.
Wireless networking range
The range of a wireless networking component is normally specified by the hardware manufacturer but will vary depending on environmental factors. Manufacturers commonly will list two range values, a range indoors and a range outdoors. The indoor range is typically much lower than the range outdoors since the building structure will degrade the signal. Typical indoor ranges are between 45 and 90 meters (150 - 300 feet) but may be reduced by factors such as walls and other devices that operate in the 2.4 GHz range. Typical outdoor ranges are quoted at 300 meters (1000 feet) but may be reduced by line of sight, structures, and other devices.
There are several things that can be done to optimize the wireless network. Do the following to get the best possible performance from your wireless network:
Position the wireless equipment within a line of sight of one another. Any obstacles in the line of sight will reduce the transmission range and reliability.
Position the wireless equipment away from other radio equipment operating at a frequency of 2.4 GHz, such as microwave ovens and cordless telephones.
Keep the wireless equipment away from large metallic objects, such as computer cases, display monitors, and appliances. Other electromagnetic devices such as televisions, radios, and electrical motors may interfere as well.
Position wireless equipment so that large masonry structures, such as fireplaces, are not obstructing the radio path. Building construction, such as metal framing, ultraviolet-resistant window film, metallic paint, concrete or masonry walls, or multiple floors and walls reduce radio signal strength.
Wireless connection methods
There are two different methods of wireless networking, ad-hoc or infrastructure. The differences between the two modes is described below.
Ad-hoc wireless networking
Ad-hoc mode is also referred to as peer-to-peer, computer-to-computer, or direct mode. Ad-hoc devices communicate directly to one another without any other devices between them. Generally ad-hoc networks are small, with just a few devices interconnected. Computers connected in an ad-hoc manner may share files and printers and require no additional hardware to operate but cannot communicate with devices on a traditional wired network.
It is also not currently possible to use any data encryption methods on an ad-hoc network since there are no devices that can control data flow or network access. For this reason, ad-hoc is not the preferred method of connecting HP all-in-one products capable of wireless communication.